Obama Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obama Care - Essay Example The Act requires that a significant percentage of the income group should have health insurance. The act is helpful to low-income adults because of the expansion of Medicaid. The act also introduces programs that aid early retirees’ insurance programs. The PPACA is also supportive to workers at their old age, who would benefit from the coverage, according to Begley et al. (2012). Employers can have insurance cover for the group of employees that go for early retirement, between the age of 55 and 64. This is helpful to these employees since they have the assurance of insurance even if they take early insurance. The Act also expands insurance to non-employed youths aged between 19 to 25 years through their parents’ coverage. According to Begley et al. (2012), the various reforms are beneficial to employees. According to Hoffman (2011), the act reduces the burden of cost of insurance on just a limited potion of employees. The act is instrumental because of its level of reg ulation of insurance rates. The various discounts on wellness programs introduced, by the act, are important and helpful to employees. The act has several financial security provisions that could be helpful in reducing the expense of medical care as well as premium cost (Hoffman, 2011). For instance, the provision that health plans should limit the cost-sharing obligation renders it cheap to afford health care. Miller (2012) provides a contradicting opinion that the PPACA to is economically burdening to the employees. The act, according to Miller (2012), has its basis on improper analysis of its economic implications on workers. The act does not follow any explainable principle and, instead, diminishes some roles of the federal government related to regulation of insurance. In the opinion of Miller (2012), the expansion of tax allocated to insurance would be a better policy provision compared to imposing the cost on workers. Tax expansion was a more suitable source to finance the in surance coverage stipulated in PPACA than making the workers pay for it. The individual responsibility outline in the act is unconstitutional and unnecessary, according to Miller (2012). McDonough (2012) identifies the extent of opposition that the PPACA reviewed since its congressional debate began in 2009 to its declaration as being lawful in 2012. Those in opposition of the act highlighted the economic effects of the provisions of the law. The law would escalate the expenses of states and further create a burden on their budgets. The burden and effects of the burden roll down to workers who directly pay for it. In general, there are more beneficial to workers that come with the approval of PPACA than those having the contrary opinion present. It remains the basis of success in achieving reforms in the country's health insurance system. The act places the role of employers in ensuring efficiency in health insurance at the center and, therefore, creating remarkable changes (Eibner, Hussey & Girosi, 2010). Insurance supported by the employer increases efficiency in expanding cover of employees. Full implementation of PPACA would transform the health insurance markets in the country. It would help to change the decision of workers concerning the enrollment for health insurance cover. The act places various advantages to workers. There is a notable reduction in direct expenditure out of pocket. High out-of-pocket expenses, notably, is one of factors that contribute to the low coverage of

Stock and Commodity Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stock and Commodity Markets - Essay Example With globalisation, MNCs began to explore the markets outside there domestic grounds. Stock and commodities market too are being made attractive by respective governments, which is also resulting in wealth creation for the citizens and companies alike. If used judiciously, 'Stock and commodity trading' greatly helps in tapping resources for developmental projects, welfare schemes and other such nation building exercises. In order to leverage the economies of scale at different locations, such companies try to set up some of their operations at different locations. Moreover, with the advancement in ICT, global distances have tended to become smaller while the world is gradually being seen as a global village. Bracken (2004) underlines that it was since early 1990s when the term 'Globalization' became a catch phrase as it started entering into all walks of life even in developing economies. Libya doesn't have a well defined stock market as Colonel Muammar Qaddafi thought it against the vision of applied socialism and popular democracy (CountryWatch, 2007). But now with the emergence of his son Seif al-Islam on the horizon, there are talks of a new vision. Libya has the largest reserve of crude oil, but despite such a great wealth and a population of just about 6 Million the country could not progress much during all these years (The Economist, 2007). A well regulated trading as such helps in stabilizing market prices for both buyers and sellers. For example a farmer growing mango crop can enter into a contract with a juice making company or a retailer prior to the growing season to pre-sell his mango crop at an agreed-upon price. This way the farmer is also assured of a minimum price for his crop, whatever the circumstances are, in the coming months. On the other hand the juice making company is also assured of a minimum level of supply for the company which helps in preparing long term plans and pricing strategies. Similarly if a listed company requires money fo r expansion or diversification, the company can tap the stock market for borrowing enough money. The borrowed money in turn earns some interests for the lender, which helps in creating wealth for the lender. Stock markets provide an opportunity even to individual and smaller investors to lend their money this way and thus they are also able to create wealth. The wealth created this way helps in encouraging the consumer market as demands for goods and other commodities increases subsequently. Therefore, the cycle helps in boosting the morale of investors and financial institutions, which in turn helps the economy of the nation. Examples of fast developing economies like India and China together with well developed markets like US and UK are good examples of the role of stock and commodities markets in nation building. Middle East and North Africa too have been identified as potential growth oriented zones on account of sweeping reforms in some countries of the region. Except Libya an d Syria the European Union has recently concluded bilateral association agreements with all states bordering the Mediterranean (Euromonitor, 2007). Dissertation Objectives The dissertation in general aims to; i. Establish a well studied relationship between the stock market trends, the commodity markets and the economies of nations. These effects have become of particular significance in view of the fast spreading effects of

Mechanisms and Effects of Plant Hormones in Organogenesis

Mechanisms and Effects of Plant Hormones in Organogenesis Abstract Plant tissue culture plays important roles in agriculture field by improving the production and quality of crops using recombinant DNA technology. The mechanisms and effects of plant hormones in promoting organogenesis in different types of plants are only partially understood. Using petunia leaves and carrot, the effects of auxin and cytokinin were investigated by carrying out organogenesis. The leaves and carrots were placed in NAA, kinetin and BAP in few combinations of different ratio for 5 weeks and were observed for any growth of roots and shoots. The results showed that petunia leaves and carrot slices placed in high NAA formed roots but no shoots were formed while only callus and shoots were formed for those in high kinetin or BAP. The petunia leaves in BAP also formed shoots while no shoots were found for those placed in kinetin. This indicated that NAA promotes root formation while kinetin and BAP stimulates shoot emergence and balanced composition of auxin and cytokinin wi ll initiate both roots and shoots formation. Also, BAP was found to be more effective in promoting shoot formation as compared to kinetin. Further research has to be carried out using different auxin and cytokinin on more plant species with longer period of time. Keywords: Plant tissue culture, Auxin, Cytokinin, NAA, BAP, kinetin, petunia leaves, carrot, roots, shoots Introduction: Plant tissue culture is a set of laboratory procedures that involve in-vitro growing of plant cells, tissues and organs using the nutrient medium in sterile conditions (Chawla, 2009). Plant tissue culture plays important roles in crop improvement as it improves the quality of plants by exploiting the genetic information of the plants through genetic engineering (Brown Thorpe, 1995). Advantageous traits can also be screened and inserted to the plants with this method to make the plants resistant to herbicide and pesticide and even more tolerant to the harsh environment. This in turn increases the production of crops with lesser input of cost and energy. Besides that, plant tissue culture also plays important roles in biodiversity conservation. This is because with recombinant DNA technology, endangered species of plants can be cloned and prevented from extinction. It also helps in studying the plant evolution as it allows the genetic relationship of distantly related species to be id entified. According to Thiel et al. (2008), plant hormones are largely involved in influencing the cellular differentiation in plant tissue culture. They are organic compounds that regulate the growth and development of target cells. There are five main types of plant hormones which are the auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene. Auxin is the hormone that causes the plants to carry out cell division and elongation (Chawla, 2009). It also involves in differentiation of callus which causes the emergence of roots first meanwhile inhibiting shoot formation. It is found to inhibit the abscisic acid activities but stimulate the synthesis of ethylene. In contrast, cytokinin promotes shoot formation but suppress the formation of roots (Chawla, 2009). Gibberellins involves in the elongation or regeneration of existing meristems. Besides that, abscisic acid influences the embryogenesis but suppresses growth. In seeds, abscisic acid often plays roles in retaining the seeds in dormancy . Ethylene is a gaseous chemical produced by amino acid and diffuses in the air to promote fruits ripening and abscission (Chawla, 2009). In this experiment, the carrot and petunia leaves were excised from the explants and were cultivated with plant tissue culture by carrying out organogenic differentiation in the MS media containing auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (kinetin or BAP). The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of auxin and cytokinin in different concentrations ratios on the organogenesis of petunia leaves and carrots. The differences between kinetin and BAP on the growth of petunia leaves and carrots were also studied and compared. Materials and methods: In this experiment, two different types of plants were used which are the petunia leaves and carrots. For the petunia leaves, 18 robust and healthy leaves were excised using the sterilized forceps and scalpel. These leaves were soaked in the 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite for not more than 5 minutes and were rinsed thrice with sterile water in a laminar flow cabinet. Meanwhile, 8 petri dishes containing the Murashige-Skoog (MS) media for tissue culture supplemented with different combination of cytokinin and auxin concentration which were the NAA: Kinetin and NAA: BAP with ratio 2:0, 0.5:1, 1:0.5 and 0:2 respectively were labeled. Besides that, a control petri dish with MS media without supplement of any plant hormones was also set up. For each of these 9 petri dishes, 2 petunia leaves were placed with the abaxial surface in contact with the MS media. The procedure was repeated with carrots slices which were cut from the carrot with sterilized forceps and scalpel. 3 carrot slices were placed on each of the petri dishes. The effects of the plant hormones on the petunia leaves and carrot slices were checked every three days for 5 weeks and the results were recorded. Any leaves or carrot slices contaminated with fungi were eliminated by transferring the uncontaminated leaves to the new petri dish MS media during the experiment. Discussion: From the result, it was shown that all the petunia leaves and carrot slices in all petri dish with NAA, kinetin or BAP formed callus. As proposed by Che et al. (2006), when the explants are transferred to culture media, plant hormones such as auxin and cytokinin will initiate callus formation. This shows that the NAA, kinetin and BAP have caused the leaves or carrot slices to differentiate into callus. As for the control petri dish without auxin and cytokinin, there should not have any callus, roots or shoots formed as plant hormones are needed in order to have callus formed from cell differentiation. The petunia leaves have no callus and roots but shoots were formed while the carrot slices form callus but not roots and shoots. This may due to the contamination of plants hormones during the excision and transferring of leaves to the MS media as the forceps and scalpel may not be sterilized properly. Roots were formed on the petunia leaves in 2:0 NAA and kinetin and 2:0 NAA and BAP. This appeared to be the same for the carrot slices in 2:0 NAA and kinetin and 2:0 NAA and BAP as there were also roots formed. This is due to the high level of auxin which stimulates the transcription of auxin-responsive gene to promote root formation from the callus (Moubayidin et al., 2009). However, there was no shoot formed on all these leaves and carrot slices. This may due to the reason that the formation of shoot requires cytokinin and this hormone was absent. Hence, no shoots were formed. Also, the high level of auxin will suppress the shoot formation of the callus (Shimizu-sato et al., 2009). The petunia leaves in 1:0.5 NAA and BAP formed shoots and roots. The auxin induces the formation of roots while the cytokinin induces the formation of shoots. However, the petunia leaves in 1:0.5 NAA and kinetin did not form shoots and roots. This is because BAP is more effective than kinetin in initiating shoot formation as it is the most active form of cytokinin (Khandel et al., 2011). Similarly, the carrot slices in 1:0.5 NAA and kinetin and 1:0.5 NAA and BAP did not form shoot and roots. According to Moubayidin et al. (2009), only balanced composition of auxin and cytokinin will causes the explants to form roots and shoots. Since the ratio of auxin and cytokinin used was 1:0.5 at which the concentration of cytokinin was lesser, the absence of shoots may due to low concentration of cytokinin which is insufficient to induce the formation of shoot on the leaves. Also, the presence of cytokinin which suppresses the differentiation in root meristematic cells may also inhibit the root from emerging (Moubayidin et al., 2009). The time taken for the experiment is also one of the reasons as the time may not be enough to see the shoot and root formation. As for the 0.5:1 NAA and kinetin, roots were found to form on the petunia leaves and carrot leaves in respectively as auxin which induces root formation was present. However, the leaves and carrot slices in 0.5:1 NAA and BAP did not have roots formation. Besides that, shoots were also formed on the petunia leaves placed on 0.5:1 NAA and BAP but this did not appear to be the same for leaves in 0.5:1 NAA and kinetin. As stated by Chawla (2009), cytokinin promotes the cell division and elongation of shoots. As compared to the leaves in 0.5:1 NAA and kinetin at which no shoots are formed, it can be seen that BAP than the kinetin is better in inducing shoot formation (Buah et al., 2010). The carrot slices in 0.5:1 NAA and kinetin or BAP did not form shoot. One possible reason for the absence of roots and shoot on petunia leaves and carrot slices is that there was not sufficient time for the shoot and root formation to be observed and longer time is required. It can also be seen that only the petunia leaves in 0:2 NAA and BAP showed the emergence of shoot. This indicated that cytokinin in the form of BAP acts in stimulating the cell division and differentiation to form shoot. The absence of shoots for the petunia leaves in 0:2 NAA and kinetin showed that kinetin is weaker in initiating shoot formation as compared to BAP. The rest of the petunia leaves and carrot slices in 2:0 NAA and kinetin and 2:0 NAA and BAP did not have shoots. This is because the time taken for the observation of the leaves and carrot was too short and the shoots were yet to emerge. All the leaves and carrot slices in 0:2 auxin to cytokinin did not have roots as NAA was not added to the media to promote root initiation and elongation. In this experiment, carrot slices and petunia leaves were used to study the effects of auxin and cytokinin. This was to allow comparisons of effectiveness of tissue culture using different types of explants to be done. As stated by Akin-Idowu et al. (2009), carrot is the root of a plant with actively-dividing meristematic cells and it provides advantages to successful tissue culture with higher mass of differentiated cells. Petunia leaves on the other hand contain less actively-dividing cells. Thus, the callus, root and shoot formation of carrot slices should be more as compared to that of petunia leaves. One of the leaves was removed in petri dish with 1:0.5 and 0:2 NAA and kinetin respectively. This is because the leaves were found to be infected with micro-organisms such as fungi due to contamination. This may cause the petunia leaves to die off, leading to unnoticeable effects of the kinetin and NAA on the growth of the leaves. According to Odutayo et al. (2007), the presence of microbes in the plant tissue culture retards shoots and roots formation. Thus, in order to get accurate results, the contaminated leaves were removed to prevent the spreading of the microbes to the other leaf on the petri dishes. The contamination of the tissues culture may due to insufficient sterilization of the forceps and scalpels used. Also, the petri dishes containing the MS media with the leaves may also not fully enclose which creates passage for the microbes to enter. Conclusion: In conclusion, high amount of NAA promotes root formation while inhibiting shoot formation. On the other hand, kinetin or BAP in high concentration initiates shoot formation but suppressing root formation. The absence of NAA causes no roots to be formed while the absence of kinetin or BAP causes no formation of shoots. The absence of roots on leaves or carrot slices with NAA or absence of shoot on leaves and carrot slices with kinetin or BAP may due to the reason that insufficient time was given to observe the plants and the roots and shoots were yet to emerge. BAP is more effective in stimulating the emergence of shoot as compared to kinetin as it is the most active cytokinin. Also, carrot is more effective than petunia leaves in tissue culture as it contains actively dicing meristematic cells.

Shall we Dance Essay -- essays research papers

Reflection paper regarding â€Å"Shall We Dance?† Dancing is regarded with suspicion in Japan because public display of affection and intimacy is considered indecent and outright scandalous. Even married couples had to restrain from temperate public display of affections, such as holding of hands, saying â€Å"I love you†, or even dancing, because it was thought to be â€Å"beyond embarrassing†. Thus it would be safe to say that dancing with someone else other than one’s wife is even more disreputable and appalling. To American audiences, dancing may seem like no big deal, but apparently in Japan, ballroom dancing is frowned upon as another vulgar, low-culture import from the West.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This mentality of the Japanese towards dancing and open display of affection was constantly reflected in this movie. The scenes of where Sugiyama had to hesitate before enrolling into dancing class, had to look around before going upstairs to make sure that no one sees him, had to keep this a total secret from family and co-workers all convey Sugiyama’s attitude, which here represents the Japanese culture’s attitude as a whole, on dancing. Apparently, he felt that his association with the art of dancing was deemed shameful, and he had a good reason to believe that. Not only did he hear from Donny, a close friend and co-worker of Sugiyama who had practiced the art of dancing for 5 years, that dancing is a â€Å"Dirty lecher†, he also saw the banter reactions of his co-workers when they f...

Consumption Of Beverages By Children Health And Social Care Essay

The ingestion of drinks by kids has changed in the types and measures ( Marshall et.al, 2003 ) , in such a manner that milk and H2O consumptions have decreased and fruit juices and carbonated soft drinks have increased ( Heller et.al, 1999, cited by Sohn et.al 2006 ) . This alteration is of the involvement of the public wellness concern because it is may be associated to both general wellness diseases e.g. fleshiness and diabetes ( Marshall, 2003 ) , and unwritten wellness diseases e.g. dental cavities and dental eroding ( Tahmassebi e.t.al, 2006 ) . Sugar ingestion has besides increased in developing states ( Ismail et al. , 1997 ) ; this is besides applied to carbonated soft drinks ingestion in the Sultanate as late reported ( WHO, 2005 ) . However, the effects of these forms of ingestion of soft drinks on dental cavities have non good studied ( Sohn et al, 2006 ) . Furthermore, it is described that the deductions of soft drinks on dental cavities is weak or non existing ( Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) . Main account for this is that fluoride exposure has weakened this relationship ( Karjalainen, 2007 ) . Consequently, some writers concluded that soft drinks are non serious menace to dental cavities, and the schemes to cut down dental cavities should be based on good unwritten hygiene and the usage of fluoridated toothpastes ( Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) . Although dental cavities is worsening in developed states, the state of affairs is non the same in developing states ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . Sultanate of Oman is a underdeveloped state, and the three national studies of the prevalence of dental cavities in schoolchildren in Oman are in consistent with this construct ( Alismaily et al. 1996 ; Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997, Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . And the prevalence is expected to increase in this state ( MOH, 2010 ) . The school preventative unwritten wellness programme didn & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t discourse the issue of high ingestion of carbonated soft drinks to increase the consciousness among the wellness attention workers in the school particularly the dental squad and the pupils. This is besides applied to the dietetic guidelines in Oman, although they recognised the issue of carbonated soft drinks but there are no guidelines to understate the effects of these drinks other than urging cut downing the ingestion of sugary drinks. Against this background to develop unwritten wellness publicity programmes to cut down dental cavities prevalence in this group of the population and related to soft drinks ingestion should be based on grounds based relationship between dental cavities and the ingestion of soft drinks.soft drinks and public wellnessThe addition in the ingestion of soft drinks raises the concern of public wellness as it may be related to both general wellness e.g. fleshiness, and unwritten wellness e.g. dental cavities and dental eroding.1.1.1soft drinks and fleshinessThe rate of fleshiness is associated with overconsumption of soft drinks ( Marshall et al, 2003 ) . This is because of the addition in energy consumption which is related to soft drink ingestion ( Guthrie and Morton, 2001cited by Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Obesity is a chief public wellness involvement as it is linked to chronic disease e.g. cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type2, which are historically associated to old age but now a re being seen often in kids and stripling ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) .1.1.2. Soft drinks and dental erodingDental eroding is the loss of the difficult tissue of the tooth without engagement of bacteriums ( Barbour et al. , 2008 ) . The demineralization of enamel occurs when the PH falls below the critical value 5.5, thereby a drink or a nutrient of PH lower than 5.5 may do eroding ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . There is grounds of prevalence increasing of dental eroding in industerlised states, and this is related to increase in tendency of acidic drinks ingestion ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) .1.1.3 Soft drinks and dental cavitiesDental cavities is the loss of tooth tissue mediated by bacteriums. It is a multifatorial disease, where the bacterium in unwritten pit ( streptococcus Mutans ) ferments the saccharides ( sucrose and fructose ) this produces acid which lowers unwritten PH below 5.5 and demineralises the tooth construction ( Marshall et al. , 2002 ) . Soft drinks are rendered cariogenic because they contain high sum of saccharose and fruit sugar, there are 10 spoons of these sugars in one 12 ounce can of sugary sodium carbonate ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Another factor is its acidogenicity, most of these merchandises have PH below the threshold degree of 5.5, their PH in the scope of 2.5-3.5 ( Milosevic, 1997 cited by Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) , and this may do dental cavities and dental eroding ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Although sugar is an aetiologic factor of dental cavities but the extent of its consequence is besides determined by other factors these are ; frequence and sum of consumption, exposure to fluoride either locally e.g. toothpaste, or consistently by H2O fluoridization, and besides the degree of bacteriums ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . In a systematic reappraisal by Burt and Pai to measure the association between sugar ingestion and cavities risk they found that two surveies out of 36 have strong relation between these two factors whereas the remainder either moderate or no association ( Burt and Pai, 2001 ) . And sing the association between soft drinks ingestion and dental cavities there is incompatibility in the consequences and the relation is less recognized ( Marshall, 2003 ) . This led some writers to urge that the scheme of dental cavities bar should be based on bettering unwritten hygiene than sugar limitation ( Gibson and Williams, 1999 ; Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) .The tendency of Soft drink ingestion in developed states and in OmanIn USA there is an addition in the ingestion of soft drinks in schools in the last 30 old ages and there is a diminution in dairy ingestion ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . A scope of 56 % -85 % of schoolchildren consume 1 soft drink daily at least ( commission on School Health, 20 04 ) . In Oman the tendency of Soft drink ingestion is besides increasing. International Marketing Economic Service ( IMES ) reported that the ingestion of soft drinks in Oman has increased between 2001 and 2005, in 2005 the market was around US $ 87 million, and the most popular carbonated soft drink was Mountain Dew ( IMES Consulting, 2006 ) . Among school age kids, it was identified by Global School Survey ( GSHS ) in 2004 that 33.4 % of the Omani pupils drink carbonated soft drinks which are specifically Coke, Pepsi, and Mountain Dew two or more times per a twenty-four hours in the last 30 yearss. Actually this was one of the most alarming behaviours found in this questionnaire, and it recommended the execution of national scheme to better the school community & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s wellness ( WHO, 2005 ) .20012002200320042005Entire ingestion 341.5 340.1 360.6 385.2 424.6 Volume growing 9.0 % -0.4 % 6.0 % 6.8 % 10.2 % Table1. Trend of soft drink ingestion in Oman. Source ( IMES, 2006 ) .The belongingss of carbonated soft drinks in OmanIn a survey done by me in 2000 as an undergraduate pupil in the signifier of Summer Project the belongingss of common drinks in two metropoliss from two states ; Cork metropolis in Republic of Ireland and Jalaan metropolis in Sultanate of Oman related to dental wellness are analysed, and these are the PH and fluoride content ( DOHC, non mentioned ) . The PH and the fluoride content of the common carbonated soft drinks in jalaan metropolis from Oman are summarised in table2.Carbonated soft drinksFluoride ( ppm )pHEverves Club Soda 0.38 4.97 Royal Strawberry 0.49 3.36 Fairy 0.01 2.85 Kaliber 0.37 4.20 Miranda Apple 0.22 2.98 RC Cola 0.32 2.61 7 up 0.20 3.10 Fanta Orange 0.01 3.29 Miranda Orange 0.44 2.90 Coca Cola 0.01 2.77 Mountain Dew 0.27 2.55 Table.2. PH and fluoride degree of carbonated soft drinks in Jalaan metropolis ( beginning DOHC ) We can see these samples are representative of the hall state as there are merely three local manufacturers and one importer of carbonates in Oman and each manufacturer is for different trade names e.g. Cola and Pepsi trade names ( IMES confer withing, 2006 ) . The mean PH for the carbonated soft drinks was 3.23 which is below the critical value 5.5 as we mentioned earlier which render these drinks as potentially cariogenic and erosive. The mean fluoride degree was 0.25 ppm ; this is below the populace fluoridated H2O in Oman which is 0.5ppm ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . Unfortunately there is no information sing the ingestion of bottled H2O in schoolchildren, and if the form that carbonated soft drinks is replacing the usage of bottled H2O so the exposure to fluoride is less than the optimum preventative degree and this will increase the prevalence of dental cavities.The tendency of dental cavitiesAlthough there is an addition in the ingestion of soft drinks in developed states the pr evalence of dental cavities is worsening in the last 30 old ages in these states, and it is increasing in developing states ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . This is attributed to the exposure of fluoride ( Karjalainen, 2007 ) .The tendency of dental cavities in OmanThere were three national studies conducted in Oman to find the prevalence of dental cavities in three group school kids. The prevalence was 84.5 % in 6 old ages old kids ( Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997 ) , and it was 58 % in 12 old ages kids ( Alismaily e.t.al, 1996 ) . When the same cohort was examined three old ages subsequently the prevalence increased to 69 % ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . The Mean DMFT has risen from 1.5 to 3.2, and those who were cavities free fallen from 42 % to 27 % ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) .Actually these figures are alarming if we put in our head that about 35.3 % of the Omani population are under 15 old ages of age ( MOH, 2008 ) so the prevalence of dental cavities is high in the tierce of the popula tion. These studies besides expect the prevalence is on the rise ( MOH, 2010 ) . And since the 2nd study there was a call for the development of preventative unwritten wellness plan ( Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997 ) . Although the tendency of the prevalence of dental cavities can be recognized in these three studies, the determiners of dental cavities in these age groups e.g. the dietetic wonts of sugar consumption are non determined yet there is an addition of ingestion of carbonated soft drinks. These factors are of import to develop a preventative scheme for dental cavities.The consequence of dental cavities on quality of lifeOne of the most common chronic diseases in kids is dental cavities and it can impact school attending ( Marshall et al, 2003 ) . In all over the universe, kids with dental cavities might acquire apprehensiveness from others because of their visual aspect, anxiousness and hurting, malnutrition because eating diet with low fruit, and early loss of the tooth ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . For these grounds it is of import to cut down the prevalence of dental diseases in Oman as it is besides a preventable disease.The current dietetic guidelines in Oman sing dental cavities and soft drinksThe hazard factors presented in the dietetic guidelines which are associated with dental cavities are the sum and frequence of free sugar consumption and undernutrition, and those which are associated with cut downing dental cavities are fluoride exposure, difficult cheese and masticating gum ( MOH, non mentioned ) . Actually these factors are taken from WHO study of Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic diseases on 2003 ( WHO,2003 ) , nevertheless carbonated soft drinks are non specifically associated with dental cavities in the guideline nor even the best ways to cut down its effects have been discussed ( MOH, non mentioned ) . Furthermore the Manual Guidelines for Preventive School Oral Health Programme which was developed in 2005 in Oman didn & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t discourse the issue of soft drinks and its impact on dental wellness, and this including besides the unwritten wellness instruction programme in schools ( MOH, 2005 ) .The purposeReview the association between the ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and dental cavities experience among schoolchildren. Develop unwritten wellness recommendations related to soft drinks ingestion for kids ( in schools ) in Sultanate of Oman.The aimsConduct a literature reappraisal to measure the relationship between ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and dental cavities experience among schoolchildren. And finding the factors that minimise or cut down the cariogenic consequence of carbonated soft drinks. Review the grounds base on the bing wellness publicity recommendations for carbonated soft drink ingestion among schoolchildren. Make recommendations for the ingestion of soft drinks by schoolchildren in Oman.

Purpose and Importance of Business Communication

B USINESS C OMMUNICATION : A N I NTRODUCTION 1. 1 I NTRODUCTION 1. 2 R OLE OF C OMMUNICATION IN B USINESS 1. 3 D EFINITIONS OF C OMMUNICATION 1. 4 P URPOSE OF C OMMUNICATION 1. 5 T HE C OMMUNICATION S ITUATION 1. 6 T HE C OMMUNICATION P ROCESS /C YCLE 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The word â€Å"communication† derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’ that means to impart, to participate, to share or to make common. It is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and as a means that individual or organization share meaning and understanding with one another.In other words, it is a transmission and interacting the facts, ideas, opinion, feeling and attitudes. It is the ability of mankind to communicate across barriers and beyond boundaries that has ushered the progress of mankind. It is the ability of fostering speedy and effective communication around the world that has shrunk the world and made ‘globalization’ a reality. Communication had a vital role to p lay in ensuring that people belonging to a particular country or a culture or linguistic group interact with and relate to people belonging to other countries or culture or linguistic group.Communication adds meaning to human life. It helps to build relationship and fosters love and understanding. It enriches our knowledge of the universe and makes living worthwhile. 1. 2 ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS The term business communication is used for all messages that we send and receive for official purpose like running a business, managing an organization, conducting the formal affairs of a voluntary organization and so on. Business communication is marked by formality as against personal and social communication.The success of any business to a large extent depends on efficient and effective communication. It takes place among business entities, in market and market places, within organizations and between various group of employees, owners and employees, buyers and sellers, servic e providers and customers, sales persons and prospects and also between people within the organization and the press 2 / Business Communication  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦ persons. All such communication impacts business. Done with care, such communication can promote business interests.Otherwise, it will portray the organization in poor light and may adversely affect the business interest. Communication is the life blood of any organization and its main purpose is to effect change to influence action. In any organization the main problem is of maintaining effective communication process. The management problem generally results in poor communication. Serious mistakes are made because orders are misunderstood. The basic problem in communication is that the meaning which is actually understood may not be what the other intended to send.It must be realised that the speaker and the listener are two separate individuals having their own limit ations and number of things may happen to distort the message that pass between them. When people within the organization communicate with each other, it is internal communication. They do so to work as a team and realise the common goals. It could be official or unofficial. Modes of internal communication include face-to-face and written communication. Memos, reports, office order, circular, fax, video conferencing, meeting etc. re the examples of internal communication. When people in the organization communicate with anyone outside the organization it is called external communication. These people may be clients or customers, dealers or distributors, media, government, general public etc. are the examples of external communication. †¢ Communication is the life blood of the business. No business can develop in the absence of effective communication system. †¢ Communication is the mortar that holds an organization together, whatever its business or its size. †¢When p eople within the organization communicate with each other, it is internal communi- cation and when people in the organization communicate with anyone outside the organization it is called external communication. †¢ Ability to work well in teams, to manage your subordinates and your relationship with seniors, customers and colleagues depends on your communication skill. Exhibit : 1 1. 3 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION Communication may be defined as interchange of thought or information between two or more persons to bring about mutual understanding and desired action.It is the information exchange by words or symbols. It is the exchange of facts, ideas and viewpoints which bring about commonness of interest, purpose and efforts. American Management Association defines, ‘Communication is any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning’. Peter Little defines communication as, ‘Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individual s and/or organizations so that an understanding response result’. Newman and Summer Jr. state that, ‘Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons’.According to Keith Davis , ‘The process of passing the information and understanding from one person to another. It is essentially a bridge of meaning between the people. By using the bridge a person can safely across the river of misunderstanding’.  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦ Business Communication : An Introduction / 3 Louis A. Allen defines, ‘Communication is the sum total of all the things that a person does, when he wants to create an understanding in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding’.Therefore, the main purpose of communication is to inform, or to bring around to a certain point of view or to elicit action. 1. 4 PURPOSE OF C OMMUNICATION 1. For instruction: The instructive function unvarying and importantly deals with the commanding nature. It is more or less of directive nature. Under this, the communicator transmits with necessary directives and guidance to the next level, so as to enable them to accomplish his particular tasks. In this, instructions basically flow from top to the lower level. 2. For integration: It is consolidated function under which integration of activities is endeavoured.The integration function of communication mainly involves to bring about inter-relationship among the various functions of the business organization. It helps in the unification of different management functions. 3. For information: The purposes or function of communication in an organization is to inform the individual or group about the particular task or company policies and procedures etc. Top management informs policies to the lower level through the middle level. In turn, the lower level informs the top lev el the reaction through the middle level.Information can flow vertically, horizontally and diagonally across the organization. Becoming informed or inform others is the main purpose of communication. 4. For evaluation: Examination of activities to form an idea or judgement of the worth of task is achieved through communication. Communication is a tool to appraise the individual or team, their contribution to the organization. Evaluating one’s own inputs or other’s outputs or some ideological scheme demands an adequate and effective communication process. 5. For direction:Communication is necessary to issue directions by the top management or manager to the lower level. Employee can perform better when he is directed by his senior. Directing others may be communicated either orally or in writing. An order may be common order, request order or implied order. 6. For teaching: The importance of personal safety on the job has been greatly recognized. A complete communicatio n process is required to teach and educate workers about personal safety on the jobs. This communication helps the workers to avert accidents, risk etc. and avoid cost, procedures etc. 7. For influencing:A complete communication process is necessary in influencing others or being influenced. The individual having potential to influence others can easily persuade others. It implies the provision of feedback which tells the effect of communication. 8. For image building: A business enterprise cannot isolate from the rest of the society. There is interrelationship and interdependence between the society and an enterprise operating in the society. Goodwill and confidence are necessarily created among the public. It can be done by the communication with the different media, which has to project the image of th Purpose and Importance of Business Communication B USINESS C OMMUNICATION : A N I NTRODUCTION 1. 1 I NTRODUCTION 1. 2 R OLE OF C OMMUNICATION IN B USINESS 1. 3 D EFINITIONS OF C OMMUNICATION 1. 4 P URPOSE OF C OMMUNICATION 1. 5 T HE C OMMUNICATION S ITUATION 1. 6 T HE C OMMUNICATION P ROCESS /C YCLE 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The word â€Å"communication† derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’ that means to impart, to participate, to share or to make common. It is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and as a means that individual or organization share meaning and understanding with one another.In other words, it is a transmission and interacting the facts, ideas, opinion, feeling and attitudes. It is the ability of mankind to communicate across barriers and beyond boundaries that has ushered the progress of mankind. It is the ability of fostering speedy and effective communication around the world that has shrunk the world and made ‘globalization’ a reality. Communication had a vital role to p lay in ensuring that people belonging to a particular country or a culture or linguistic group interact with and relate to people belonging to other countries or culture or linguistic group.Communication adds meaning to human life. It helps to build relationship and fosters love and understanding. It enriches our knowledge of the universe and makes living worthwhile. 1. 2 ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS The term business communication is used for all messages that we send and receive for official purpose like running a business, managing an organization, conducting the formal affairs of a voluntary organization and so on. Business communication is marked by formality as against personal and social communication.The success of any business to a large extent depends on efficient and effective communication. It takes place among business entities, in market and market places, within organizations and between various group of employees, owners and employees, buyers and sellers, servic e providers and customers, sales persons and prospects and also between people within the organization and the press 2 / Business Communication  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦ persons. All such communication impacts business. Done with care, such communication can promote business interests.Otherwise, it will portray the organization in poor light and may adversely affect the business interest. Communication is the life blood of any organization and its main purpose is to effect change to influence action. In any organization the main problem is of maintaining effective communication process. The management problem generally results in poor communication. Serious mistakes are made because orders are misunderstood. The basic problem in communication is that the meaning which is actually understood may not be what the other intended to send.It must be realised that the speaker and the listener are two separate individuals having their own limit ations and number of things may happen to distort the message that pass between them. When people within the organization communicate with each other, it is internal communication. They do so to work as a team and realise the common goals. It could be official or unofficial. Modes of internal communication include face-to-face and written communication. Memos, reports, office order, circular, fax, video conferencing, meeting etc. re the examples of internal communication. When people in the organization communicate with anyone outside the organization it is called external communication. These people may be clients or customers, dealers or distributors, media, government, general public etc. are the examples of external communication. †¢ Communication is the life blood of the business. No business can develop in the absence of effective communication system. †¢ Communication is the mortar that holds an organization together, whatever its business or its size. †¢When p eople within the organization communicate with each other, it is internal communi- cation and when people in the organization communicate with anyone outside the organization it is called external communication. †¢ Ability to work well in teams, to manage your subordinates and your relationship with seniors, customers and colleagues depends on your communication skill. Exhibit : 1 1. 3 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION Communication may be defined as interchange of thought or information between two or more persons to bring about mutual understanding and desired action.It is the information exchange by words or symbols. It is the exchange of facts, ideas and viewpoints which bring about commonness of interest, purpose and efforts. American Management Association defines, ‘Communication is any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning’. Peter Little defines communication as, ‘Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individual s and/or organizations so that an understanding response result’. Newman and Summer Jr. state that, ‘Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons’.According to Keith Davis , ‘The process of passing the information and understanding from one person to another. It is essentially a bridge of meaning between the people. By using the bridge a person can safely across the river of misunderstanding’.  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Ã‚ ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦ Business Communication : An Introduction / 3 Louis A. Allen defines, ‘Communication is the sum total of all the things that a person does, when he wants to create an understanding in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding’.Therefore, the main purpose of communication is to inform, or to bring around to a certain point of view or to elicit action. 1. 4 PURPOSE OF C OMMUNICATION 1. For instruction: The instructive function unvarying and importantly deals with the commanding nature. It is more or less of directive nature. Under this, the communicator transmits with necessary directives and guidance to the next level, so as to enable them to accomplish his particular tasks. In this, instructions basically flow from top to the lower level. 2. For integration: It is consolidated function under which integration of activities is endeavoured.The integration function of communication mainly involves to bring about inter-relationship among the various functions of the business organization. It helps in the unification of different management functions. 3. For information: The purposes or function of communication in an organization is to inform the individual or group about the particular task or company policies and procedures etc. Top management informs policies to the lower level through the middle level. In turn, the lower level informs the top lev el the reaction through the middle level.Information can flow vertically, horizontally and diagonally across the organization. Becoming informed or inform others is the main purpose of communication. 4. For evaluation: Examination of activities to form an idea or judgement of the worth of task is achieved through communication. Communication is a tool to appraise the individual or team, their contribution to the organization. Evaluating one’s own inputs or other’s outputs or some ideological scheme demands an adequate and effective communication process. 5. For direction:Communication is necessary to issue directions by the top management or manager to the lower level. Employee can perform better when he is directed by his senior. Directing others may be communicated either orally or in writing. An order may be common order, request order or implied order. 6. For teaching: The importance of personal safety on the job has been greatly recognized. A complete communicatio n process is required to teach and educate workers about personal safety on the jobs. This communication helps the workers to avert accidents, risk etc. and avoid cost, procedures etc. 7. For influencing:A complete communication process is necessary in influencing others or being influenced. The individual having potential to influence others can easily persuade others. It implies the provision of feedback which tells the effect of communication. 8. For image building: A business enterprise cannot isolate from the rest of the society. There is interrelationship and interdependence between the society and an enterprise operating in the society. Goodwill and confidence are necessarily created among the public. It can be done by the communication with the different media, which has to project the image of th

press censorship essays

press censorship essays There are many kinds of censorship within our school system. Such as press Censorship, we aren't aloud to express freely among our schools newspaper nor yearbook. I believe that we should be able to write anything that the student wants to see on the newspaper. Equivalent to the yearbook, students should be able to have the right tosay whatever they want for a SENIOR quote. Freedom of the press ensures Americans great freedom of choice in what they can read and see. This should also apply to our community public schools, we should be given the right inside school just as much as outside. Its like a fellow classmate said today in class, "Its like we are not in America anymore when we step onto school grounds." I believe in this point that he made because it is just like that. Our freedoms are limited in a way to where we can barely express ourselves within the school newspapers and yearbook. One type of publication that has never been given First Amendment protection is obscenity. This is one thing that I can agree with; certain things are absolutely immoral and inappropriate, such as pornography and foul language to an extent. However, the rules and regulations of our schools newspaper and yearbook need to be a little more just, to fit our rights of press. I would like our school to be among the first to allow the students almost every right to print whatever they would like to write about. But, not every freedom is absolute.... If they were, our school system would be in total chaos. ...

30 Best Content Research Tips That Will Make You More Influential

30 Best Content Research Tips That Will Make You More Influential Trust. Authority. Influence. What do these three things have in common? They’re all traits of successful content that establishes brands and content creators as real thought leaders. Every piece of content you publish should seek to achieve this trifecta. So, how do you create content that truly shows you’re a trustworthy and authoritative source? The answer can be summed up in one word: Research. Not the most exciting answer, right? Well, it is if you’re a dedicated content marketing nerd and you’re committed to blowing minds with amazingly in-depth stuff. The kind of stuff that digs deeper than the competition and doesn’t just make bold claims, but backs them up with facts and real data. The key to successful content research is to put a clear and repeatable process in place. In this post, we’ll cover thirty different ways you out-research and outsmart your competitor’s content marketing with better information. Roll up your sleeves and get ready to think outside the box.

A Story About Courage Essay Example for Free

A Story About Courage Essay ? Waking up in the morning to birds chirping and the warm summer breeze is almost impossible when you live in the heart of New York City, well it is for me at least. My name is Sandy Collins, I’m your typical teenage girl. I like going out with my friends, having slumber parties, and going shopping. I moved from Texas to New York City a month and a half ago. The moment I stepped out of the car I instantly loved the change. It wasn’t that I didn’t enjoy living in Texas, but now living in New York felt like it made much more sense. As a child I did everything with my dad. Biking, fishing, rollerblading, you name it. I, Sandy Collins has done it. My dad always said he wanted a better life for me then what he had, he sure meant it. Back when I was almost eleven years old my parents got a divorce, great birthday present, huh? At first when I’d walk into the room where my parents would be arguing, they’d pretend they were only talking loud of some sort. But as the months went by, they didn’t even noticed when I’d enter the room. Soon after that my mom filed for a divorce, leaving me in the middle. It was hard to cope with it to begin with, but soon after that I realized I had no part in what happened. Now four years later here I am making the decision to move in with my dad. When I first mentioned moving to New York to my mom, her reaction was absolutely no. After mentioning it a few more times, giving her a month or two, she finally realized that I should be able to make my own decisions because in the end it’d make me happier. Now five months after, BAM! New York City here I come. The twelve hour drive was definitely the worst road trip, bonding time, or whatever my mom would wish to call it. She came up with a clever idea to shove me, my seven year old brother Ricky, my stepfather Joe, and herself in our beat up Toyota Tercel and take on the task to drive us all the way to New York for the last bonding time she’ll have with me in a long time. Not to mention we’re in the month of July. â€Å"Sweetie would you like something to eat? † mom said shaking my shoulder. I’d fallen asleep three hours into the drive. We ordered from the nearest fast food place, Mcdondalds, filling all our hungry appetites. After about ten hours I became so bored I started to play with the lose thread on my shirt. I could tell Ricky wasn’t having any more fun then I was considering he was opening and closing the screen of his Nintendo DS over and over and over again. The traffic became agony, there’s no doubt that you could put your car in park for five minutes and no would notice. Finally after hours of traffic we arrived at the house. Dad had just walked out the front door waving and smiling. â€Å"Dad! † I exclaimed while giving him a giant bear hug. â€Å"Hi hunny, I’m so glad you’re here. Dad said smiling. â€Å"Nice place you got here† Joe said examining it with his eyes. We’ve never been to dad’s place before, he’d always come to Texas to visit on special occasions and my birthday’s. â€Å"Now you be good, call whenever you have the time and no late night walks, New York is very different then back home. † Mom said. She kept going on until she had run out of things to say. â€Å"Okay, Okay mom. See you at thanksgiving, love you. † I said giving her a hug. I realized after saying that, that made her take-in how long it’d be until we’d see each other again. After saying goodbye to everyone I knew I’d miss each and everyone back home in Texas terribly but I had a feeling this was a change for the better. What we had left of the day, dad decided it’d be a good idea to show me around the neighbourhood. â€Å"Your hair is so straight and black now† dad said. â€Å"Yeah, I coloured it a few months ago. I thought it was time for some change, like moving here. † I said smiling. For the next month dad and I went fishing, rollerblading, shopping, and all the other things we used to do when mom and he were together. I even met a new friend, Paige. She’s the neighbour’s daughter; she told me we’d be attending the same school together up the street when school re-opens in two weeks. The next day we arranged to go shopping. â€Å"Hey dad, would it be okay if I go shopping with Paige today? † I said. â€Å"Sure hunny, I have to run a few errands and do some grocery shopping anyway, so I’ll drop you two off at the mall. † Dad said, smiling as always. Paige is so nice and out-going to be around. My friends in Texas were more down-to-earth. We would still go places and what not, but Paige’s personality screams fun. â€Å"We need to spice up your wardrobe, all of your out-fits are too toned down for NYC. † Paige said, trying on a vintage pair of black boots. After a couple of hours of shopping, we grabbed something to eat and went home. Home I kept thinking. I like it here, being with my dad made me so much happier. Walking down the busy streets of New York with the sound of cars honking, people shouting for taxis, bargainers trying to sell you their no more than $5 junk, was now what I got to call home. Oddly I loved it. When I got home I took my shopping bags to my room and headed downstairs to watch T. V while waiting on my dad to come home and make dinner. As I reached for the television remote the phone rang. â€Å"Hello, may I speak to Mr. Collins? † â€Å"He’s not home at the moment; would you like me to take a message? † â€Å"Sure, is this Ms. Collins? † â€Å"Yes it is. † I said, realizing soon after this person was probably referring to Ms. Collins as if I was my dad’s wife. A moment before I was about to correct myself, the person started speaking again. Oh, hi Ms. Collins, this is Tom’s doctor, Dr. Lee. Unfortunately I have to break the bad news to you; Tom’s cancer results have come in positive. He has cancer in his right lung and it’s too late to attempt to cure it. I’m extremely sorry to tell you this way; Tom’s appointment was re-scheduled in two weeks from now when school re-opens, he cancelled the appointment scheduled for today knowing he’d want to spend as much time with your daughter arriving from Texas before school started. When I got the results, knowing Tom for so long, I wanted him to know as soon as possible. † I didn’t know what to do, I held the phone to my ear ready to reply but my mind went blank. Eventually I replied and hung up the phone. Did I really just hear that? No, it couldn’t be. My dad couldn’t have cancer, he just couldn’t. Who am I kidding!? His doctor called for god sakes, I just didn’t want to believe it. Moments later my dad walked in the front door. â€Å"Hi hunny. † He said smiling. A Story About Courage. (2017, Feb 23).

A Report about the Rainbow Lighting Ltd focusing on the use of Essay

A Report about the Rainbow Lighting Ltd focusing on the use of Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Many researchers have researched about the various purposes of the balanced scorecards along with their role in enhancing the organisation’s performance. The company has to manage the strategies for its survival and growth and it can respond to the environmental changes only by operations management. It is vital for every organisation to ensure that the strategy is supported by effective business operations and systems; hence, it is important that the organisation has to ensure that proper mechanisms are in place so that everything is appropriately placed. The company needs to ensure that four of its key problems are rectified regarding the production, marketing activities, internal processes and employee satisfaction. Hence, the management of the company must strive to apply the Balanced Scorecard as identified in the report and try to implement it in the organisation. The management needs to set the short-term goals as well for the purpose of performance improvement by the i mplementation of the new system in the organisation; it should ensure that appropriate mechanisms are in place that supports the organisation in improving its performance. Introduction to Balanced Scorecard In today’s dynamic environment, it is crucial for every organisation to ensure that their performance level is measured from time to time and one of the most effective ways is to use Balanced Scorecard (Figgie et al., 2002 and McGillicuddy, 2009). The scorecard is found to have strategic importance as the card is developed in linkage with the vision and goals of the organisation and adequate awareness is created within the organisation so that every stakeholder is well-aware of the importance of its implementation in the business activities. Many researchers have researched about the various purposes of the balanced scorecards along with their role in enhancing the organisation’s performance (Lawson et al., 2003 and Mintrop and Trujilo,2005). Considering the situati on being faced by Rainbow Lighting Ltd., it has been found that the existing management of the company has been unable to increase the production and performance of the company. The sales of the company have not been increasing at an accelerating rate and the product range has been accelerating simultaneously; the product ranges of the company are classified as Alpha and Beta ranges. In the industrial sector, the company introduced bulbs by the name Everlasting Halogen Spotlight (EHS) bulb and the problems highlighted by its users created bad publicity in the market; it was reported that there was a fault in the manufacturing sector and the annual sales revenue decreased by 5%. Another problem faced by the company is that the sales order processing time is longer i.e. 21 days and the distributors are not satisfied with such longer time duration. The price of the bulbs was increased but the sales did not increase as compared to the total increase in the market. The rejection rate of the bulbs has increased from 3.6% to 5.4% and the production efficiency has decreased significantly. The

Noise in Multimedia System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Noise in Multimedia System - Essay Example Noise is defined as any unwanted thing in the desired one. Though in some special cases in electronics like oscillator where noise is intentionally introduced but, most of the times they create hindrance to the actual motto. Suppose after faithful encoding data is sent over transmission medium. Spurious electrical signals from environment may interfere to the original signal resulting noise. In other cases noise appears as flicker of screen. For portable devices developers need to design layout for the target device and developing pixels of precise width and resolution sometimes give erroneous result. Again, online content developers who work independently for target devices finally come out with objects which have problem in mapping. This paper explicitly concentrates on various noise sources and their effect on multimedia products. It also outlines ways to overcome it. Noise in one sense is defined as measurable amount of loss of data. It is a random parameter that can be measured by its statistical properties. In telecommunication channel noise is generally gets added in medium during transmission. Figure 1 shows such a transmission channel. In between transmitter to receiver there is the medium. It can be either wire in case of line communication or free space for wireless communication. Signal gets interfered by noise in the medium by various means e.g. thundering, signal from other sources if two signals are close to each other and from mismatch between transmitter and receiver. Shannon defined the limit of transmission in a noisy channel for a given channel capacity in order to maximize the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio1. But it does not guarantee noise free transmission. This is nothing but the post transmission noise and before it gets received. Different methods exist to detect any error has arisen and if so, to correct it. The seven layer OSI model works well for error detection and correction in any computer communication process. From multimedia perspective transmission and reception methods are somewhat more complex where; total display is fragmented into different components and then all together information is sent to the target end maintaining timing constraint. SMIL is a language format used for encoding multimedia presentations for transmission over the web. It's a structured composition of autonomous media objects. Figure 2 shows one basic timing containers2. In SMIL seq container begin time is relative to predecessor's end. Par container has begin time relative to the containing par but for excl object a is started whenever object x (not shown) is activated and object b, c are started when object y and z (not shown) are activated. It is to be noted that no two common timeline should be used to model the relationship between a, b and c. If it's not maintained then there will be overlap between the objects that will turn to give timing mismatch, which may appear as noise in display. Other than this, before transmission objects are encoded into convenient form. During encoding data might get lost. For example if it's an image then it might have been encoded into jpg form where loss of data and as a result noise can get introduced. This noise will be incorporated throughout its processing and appear finally in

Preparation for a Performance Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Preparation for a Performance Review - Essay Example I was able to achieve what I planned to do in the next six months regarding growth and stability for achieving a reputable position in the organization as well as developing the skills to work in a team. As a CIPD professional, it is one of the requirements for being an associate member of CIPD that the candidate should have good interpersonal and technical skills. In the past few months, I have been successful in improving my interpersonal and technical skills. Important Points for Future Now I need to make another plan of how to go about next six months and then make sure that my new plans are accomplished. My invitation for having a meeting was not accepted by two executives that I emailed, and now I need to send the initiation to more people or maybe I can use references to have an interview with an executive. I planned to conduct an interview to know about how employees work and behave in a professional working environment as well. From this interview, I wanted to do a gap analy sis and identify the areas for improvements in my personality. I have been successful in improving my communication skills as well as ability to work in teams and lead the team. Therefore the past few months have been exceptional in terms of improving my ability. However, it is critical for me to identify important points that I need to learn in future. For this, I will conduct a SWOT analysis of my personality and then will prepare another PDP for the development of next 12 months. Using SWOT analysis, I will be able to identify my weaknesses and strengths as well as the opportunities that I have along with the threats. SWOT Analysis Strengths To gel with other team members Effective team player Can... The module has helped me to know about the importance of CIPD and associated members of CIPD. This module has been useful in making me learn about the personal development. I have learned that it is a continuous process and the person has to continuously learn about developing the skills to become a successful professional. I learned that it is important to first identify, plan, take actions and then review these actions in order to consciously improve and become a successful professional. Therefore a person has to keep on improving and evaluating his skills and actions so that he can become a qualified person. Moreover, I prepared some SMART objectives in the module so that at the end of the module, I would be able to learn and develop my skills. The first part of the module also helped me in analyzing my personality, my strengths, and my weaknesses. By analyzing my own strengths and weaknesses, I was able to analyze what I need to learn in the next few months.

Accounting For the Success of the IPO Market Essay

Accounting For the Success of the IPO Market - Essay Example IPO refer to the first sale of stock in the security market by a private company to the public investors. Apart from raising funds, a private firm can sell IPO for other reasons. With the help of an underwriting firm the issuer provides a prospect to the public giving detailing the reasons for issuance the authorized share price as well as the worth of the issuer.2 However, in the IPO market, the investors and sellers hold different information that creates information asymmetry. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of information asymmetry between seller and buyers of IPO. Also, the document examines ways in which one can account for the success of the IPO market. Both seller and buyers encounter challenges in obtaining accurate market information due to various barriers causing information asymmetry. The availability of market information plays a crucial role in any market because it influences the behaviour of buyers.3 The information about price and quality of products and services enables the buyer to make a choice on what product to buy and at what price. However, the information about service is difficult to establish because of intangibility and concurrent production and consumption of services.4 The choice of what to purchase becomes severe due to the potential for dissimilarity in service and product quality and information asymmetry. Sometimes the search for market information is very costly and as such causes hindrance to the choices available for buyers to make.5 Not only the buyers who encounter challenges of obtaining market information but also the sellers have inaccurate reliable information about the market. For example, the seller may want to understand the behaviour of buyers, the future market trends, economic conditions and so on. Both sellers and buyers hold different sets of information which affects their behaviour in the market.6 Therefore, different sets of information regarding price, quality, specifications, performance and circumstances of transfer affect the transactions and increase cost for both parties.  

What factors affect the rate of transport of molecules across cell Essay

What factors affect the rate of transport of molecules across cell membrane - Essay Example Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration. It allows transportation of substances into and out of the cell (Wright 2000, p 12). Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient. It requires energy because it takes place against a concentration gradient. It explains why mitochondria are usually present when active transport takes place (Wright 2000, p 12). Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that takes place in solutions only (Wright 2000, p.12). Phagocytosis the process through which some cells such as the white blood cells take in substances (Wright 2000, p 12). The cell membrane is described as semi permeable or selectively permeable because it lets some substances to pass through but not all (Wright 2000, p 12). Four major factors determine the rate at which molecules pass through a cell membrane (Kent 1998, p3).The first one is the size of the molecule (Kent 1998, p. 3). Large sized molecules cannot enter or leave the cell. An example of a large molecule is proteins that are too large to squeeze through the molecules that make up the cell membrane. The smaller the size of the molecule the faster it will pass through (Lippincott 2002, p 11). The epithelial cells that cover the villus have carriers that absorb specific nutrients (Sherwood 2012, p. 467). The second factor is the solubility of the molecule in fats or lipids. As seen in Fig 2, the cell membrane is made up of thin layers of phospholipids. The molecules that can dissolve in them will be able to pass quickly. A good example is the fast absorption of ethanol by the stomach and intestinal walls (Kent 1998, p38).When the cell membrane contains more unsaturated fatty acids, it makes it fluid like. This increases the rate of active transport. The third factor is the electrical charge of ions and molecules (Kent 1998, p.38). The cell membrane through which the substances are expected to pass

Principles of Economics 3. part 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Economics 3. part 6 - Essay Example Prices of goods and services do not change proportionately over time. This means that some prices rise more than others and consumers substitute products and services that have become relatively less expensive. CPI overstates the cost of living by excluding the possibility for product substitution. When the quality of a good deteriorates, the value of the dollar falls, and vice versa. Because changes in the quality are hard to measure, the basket calculates prices on the assumption that quality is constant, which distorts the CPI measures. Although the CPI is not perfect, together with other indexes like GDP deflator or PPI, it gives a relatively useful indication about the cost of living for consumers. CPI and other price indexes are used to compare dollar values over time, by taking into account the effects on inflation. Reference: Mankiw, G. (2004) "Chapter 24. Measuring the Cost of Living" Principles of Economics pp.

What factors affect the rate of transport of molecules across cell Essay

What factors affect the rate of transport of molecules across cell membrane - Essay Example Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration. It allows transportation of substances into and out of the cell (Wright 2000, p 12). Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient. It requires energy because it takes place against a concentration gradient. It explains why mitochondria are usually present when active transport takes place (Wright 2000, p 12). Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that takes place in solutions only (Wright 2000, p.12). Phagocytosis the process through which some cells such as the white blood cells take in substances (Wright 2000, p 12). The cell membrane is described as semi permeable or selectively permeable because it lets some substances to pass through but not all (Wright 2000, p 12). Four major factors determine the rate at which molecules pass through a cell membrane (Kent 1998, p3).The first one is the size of the molecule (Kent 1998, p. 3). Large sized molecules cannot enter or leave the cell. An example of a large molecule is proteins that are too large to squeeze through the molecules that make up the cell membrane. The smaller the size of the molecule the faster it will pass through (Lippincott 2002, p 11). The epithelial cells that cover the villus have carriers that absorb specific nutrients (Sherwood 2012, p. 467). The second factor is the solubility of the molecule in fats or lipids. As seen in Fig 2, the cell membrane is made up of thin layers of phospholipids. The molecules that can dissolve in them will be able to pass quickly. A good example is the fast absorption of ethanol by the stomach and intestinal walls (Kent 1998, p38).When the cell membrane contains more unsaturated fatty acids, it makes it fluid like. This increases the rate of active transport. The third factor is the electrical charge of ions and molecules (Kent 1998, p.38). The cell membrane through which the substances are expected to pass

Learning English Essay Example for Free

Learning English Essay Life long learning is the concept that it is never too soon or too late for learning. Lifelong learning is attitudinished that one should be open to the new ideas, decisions, skills or behaviours. English is neccessity of life and the same as lifelong learning when you want to live in the real world; English is very important and neccessity in your life. For example, when I was young I could not speak any language and then after I grew up my parents, my teachers; they tried to teach Thai language to me because they knew if I cannot understand Thai language it would be very difficult to live with another people when I grew up where I studied my teacher taught English to our students because he knew English is very important in the world, but I did not know why at that time I did not study hard. Sometime, English was boring; this is the reason why I did not have interest to study it, perhaps I think, I am lazy and it is not good for me. English is important key to success. If you want to do anything in the world such as, to study, to do your business, to make a new friends, to go aboard etc. Especially when you go aboard to study another course. It is teach in English and then when you graduate and want to get a good job, it is very important for you to do anything in your business. You can use it to make new friends from all over the countrys in the world for your business. It has an adventure over than somebody cannot use English. Your business has a good chance for your success. The real world has a lot of business competitors if you cannot use English maybe you get someone who want to do business with you and may decieve you and then your business may fail or bankrupt. Whatever English enlightens us about how to succeed in the real world eventually I want to study English, but according to my chance when I live in India. My disere is simutnious about studying English and to write research proposal an apply to study in some course at the university because i will hope it would be good for me to improve my English and I will finish maybe it has been good. When I have finished. I will get a good job and I can communicate or contact with foriegners who give a good chance and good work for me. Though I will achieve good things or bad experiences but I think, English is meaningful and worthwhile to study. I will want to study all the time, it cannot stop to learn probably if i will study for a long time, it will help me to succeed in anything. I am hopeful it can improve my life although it is very difficult and very complicated for me, but I will want to try and study. It  has worthiness or worthless it depends on you. If you think and do in the right way it is good for you and anybody, but on the other hand it is good for you only and then it can destroy someone.

Organisational Culture of Healthcare Organisation

Organisational Culture of Healthcare Organisation Ethical Organization Introduction: In this paper, I have described about the Sauk Village Community Health Care Center, which is an ethical organization. Apart from this, the paper includes the mission statement, vision statement and code of ethics. It also reveals the interrelationship between the mission, vision and code of ethics. The paper also describes about the organizational culture, leadership and oversight about measuring the organization performance Description of the Organization The Sauk Village Community Health Care Center is an ethical organization, which provides services related to the job training, shelter, education, food, clothing, medical treatment and other different types of counseling. Its clientele includes elderly people, teen mothers, disabled and peoples without home. It also includes people from the low income group. This is basically a non profit organization, receiving funds from the grants by the government. Mission Statement Its mission statement is based on the ethical grounds. Mission statement reflects the objectives of the organization, which are: Safe guarding the clients well being and health belonging to the community of Sauk Village; It especially includes those who are in greater needs. The next objective is to extend its services all over the community in Sauk Village in order to provide short and long term care to the people suffering from the complex and chronic health related problems and also to those suffering from economic and social problems. The main aim of this health center is to offer help and care to those people who are not getting help from anywhere. This organization helps its community to prosper and grow. This is done by: Proper Implementation of policy formulated by government. By Continuing the development of Program By growing the capacity of service provided By Having a adequate staffing Assisting people in living separately without depending on others. By making the outcomes better through screening, prevention and early intervention. By Assisting people in reducing homelessness Ethical aspect of mission: Its mission statement reflects the ethical system as it states that the existence of the company is for the protection of the well being of its clients. Therefore, no harm can occur either physically or mentally to the clients through the policy of discrimination or bias by the organization. The company is committed in providing best care for all the people who are in need. The company’s supreme goal is to provide right and appropriate health care on time from the superior staff so that they can easily overcome their ill health. The mission statement covey that the organization is with the people of community in each and every respect whether it’s mental health, education, training related to job and health and helping clients in becoming independent members of the community. Apart from this, the organization doesn’t allow any discrimination based on the caste, color and pay scale. Hence, the objectives of its mission statement are reflected in all its programs, activities and services. Value Statement The value statement of the organization is to concentrate on the clients by putting their efforts towards the betterment of their welfare and treating the people with due respect and dignity. This organization believes in performing best and improving the means of doing the things. Being a provider of health and human services, its value statement says that its workers are committed in achieving the best results. Apart from this, it will not differentiate client based on the age, race, sexual orientation or sex. The organization believes in providing excellent solution to the clients and the community. These value statements form the important part of the organization as these values are capable of encouraging actions. Moral aspect of Value Statement: The value statement formulated by the organization is ethical as this persuades workers to treat people in the right manner. Therefore, value statement is morally correct. The value statement shows the close association with the mission statement as value statement relates to the welfare of the community and clients. The mission and the value statement directs in doing best for the people without any biasness or injustice. The organization approach to provide the services depends on the following: RELATIONSHIPS – it is an important factor in establishing the trust and nurturing clients and other people in the community that the organization serves. SUPERIORITY – it gains superiority by providing best outcomes. RESPONSIBILITY – the organization is self responsible in taking self regulated action in order to achieve the success. SERVICE – the organization provides fair and equal services to all its clients LEARNING – the organization is committed towards the learning as it adopts the changes and brings new creativity. Code of Ethics The code of ethics of Sauk Village Community Health Care Center comprises of the following elements: Sheer Commitment towards the Diversity Abstain from any sorts of discrimination Abide by the Law Sustaining competency and expertise in management by implementation of the assessment program and through the various education schemes. Interest of all is taken care of i.e. no Conflicts are related to the interest Requesting for funds under ethical consideration Treating Volunteers with respect and dignity similar to the staff The process of Hiring is done in accordance with the assenting guidelines of action Using Code of ethics for the benefit of the profession and not for self-centered reasons Evading from the misuse of professional relationships for private benefits The code of ethics is capable of inspiring tangible outcome from the employees; this is so because to work properly for the organization, these serve as the guidelines which they are supposed to follow. And also, they would expect the same thing if they would have been the volunteer or client. Code of ethics shows the close relation with the mission and the value statement of the organization as all these three are aimed at protecting the health and welfare of the people. All these do not favor discrimination based on caste, creed and age. All These things help in providing the client best possible health care. As per the value statement, clients are treated with respect. Organization Culture Organizational culture is a set of characteristics that are commonly shared by people in the organization. Such characteristics may be in the forms of assumptions, beliefs, values and norms which are known as abstract elements of culture. As my organization is related to the human healthcare and services, I would plan to promote the culture of my organization on the basis of good health care of our clients. The employees of the organization would share the beliefs and values of each other along with that of organization. The culture of the organization would be based on some factors such as innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability, etc. (Prasad, 2008). In order to develop ethical culture, I would develop an understanding among all the staff members about the fact that union is strength. If we will work together, we will definitely achieve the goals of the organization. The culture of the organization would institutionalize the values of the organization because it regularly encourages the staff member to follow the values, beliefs and mission of the organization for the clients. By this way, it would be possible for us to provide the best health service within the low cost structure to the patients. Leadership Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others to work willingly and enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals. At the post of the leader, a person is largely responsible for the culture of the organization. In some organizations, managers assume that they are not a leader, but as they are managers, the employees of the organization ultimately follow their behavior. Leadership is an important factor for making any type of organization successful. Without a good leader and leadership process, a manager cannot function effectively and efficiently (Gupta, 2007). My way of leadership is based on the participative style. In this style, I take decisions after consulting with my followers and after their participation in the decision-making process. I involve my group members in the decisions on the feasibility and workability of an idea. I believe that their co-operation in the attainment of organizational goals can be enlisted only if they are committed to the organization, and that commitment can be ensured only by an honest and open communication of ideas with them and by the development of a team spirit. I encourage my subordinates to function as a social unit, and make full use of their talents and abilities. I encourage subordinates to exercise high degrees of responsibility and freedom. They use as little authoritarian control as possible and are concerned with group relationship as well as getting the job done. They do not delegate their right to make final decisions and to give specific directives to their subordinates, but to seek the ir thoughts and opinions on many decisions that affect them. By this way, I cultivate the decision-making abilities of my subordinates and encourage them to increase their abilities to exercise self-control and urge them to assume greater responsibility for guiding their own efforts (Prasad, 2008). This style is very useful in many ways. When workers feel that their ideas are important and are being made use of, they feel considerably committed to change in which they have participated. Workers also develop a greater feeling of self-esteem. They maximize their potential in creative and productive ways and experience personal satisfaction and accomplishment of their tasks. Further, when most people are given a little freedom, they develop and grow in personality and job competence. Often they will take on more responsibilities than their job descriptions call for because of the pleasure they take in their work. I adopt a helpful attitude toward my subordinates. In this leadership style, I delegate as much responsibility to the members of the work team as their experience and knowledge will permit. I place emphasis on results rather than on an action. My philosophy is: â€Å"It is not always how a job gets done that is important but that the job does get done.† I show my concern towards the employees and thereby gain their respect. The role communication is very much important in establishing my leadership style. Without proper communication, the decisions cannot be made and delegated effectively. Effective communication creates workable understanding and agreement between two persons. I believe that full co-operation from the subordinates can only be achieved when there is clarity in communication. Proper and effective communication helps in building a trust worthy relationship between the leader and the subordinates. Effective leadership communication can be accomplished only when it has credibility. If I want to become a good leader, it is essential for me to be a good listener. By this way, I not only give chance to my subordinates to speak but also gather useful information for further communication. If the communication between my subordinates and me is not effective, I will not be able to guide and motivate them properly so as to accomplish the organizational goals. I will give incentives and bonus to th e employees on the basis of their performances. As a leader, it is my moral responsibility to follow the ethics and check the behavior of followers and culture of organization and make sure that everything is going right according to the ethics of the organization. As a leader, it is very essential for me to adopt the code of ethics, so that my followers will do the same. Oversight In order to maintain the ethical standard and evaluate the performance of the employees, I will conduct a periodical performance evaluation program. This would include weakly evaluation, monthly evaluation and yearly evaluation. On the basis of this evaluation, the employees would also get the appraisal and other compensation and benefits in the organization. I will conduct one on one interview with my staff in which I will discuss about the performance, strength, weaknesses and opportunity areas of the staff member and also provide suggestion, ideas and opinions to improve their performance. I will also give the grades or marks to the employees according to their performance and maintain a chart, which would help me to analyze the performance and improvement area of the employee. In place of oversight, I will put the system of ethical counseling board. They will give an opinion to me and my staff member in the circumstance when the ethics would not be followed. In order to handle th e other business issues like fund raising increases and decreases in the resources, there will a committee of board of directors in my organization (Kettner, 2002). Conclusion From the study, it can be concluded that the mission, vision and code of ethics form the core for an organization. These serve as the guiding tool for the employees and help them in providing direction in order to satisfy their clients in best possible manner. For better conduction and coordination among the employees, organizational culture plays a vital role. Apart from this, in order to make the organization successful, effective leadership is required. And in order to evaluate the performance of the employees and maintaining the ethical standard, periodical performance evaluation plays a vital role. Therefore, all these factors form an important component of the ethical framework. References Gupta, C.B. (2007), Human Resource Management (3rd Edition), New Delhi: Sultan Chand and Sons. Kettner, P. M. (2002). Achieving Excellence in the Management of Human Service Organizations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Prasad, L.M (2008), Organizational Behavior (3rd Revised Edition),New Delhi: Sultan Chand and Sons. Village of Sauk Village (2008). Retrieved May 16, 2008, from http://www.saukvillage.org/

Digital Revolution Essay -- Internet Inequality Web Access Essays

Digital Revolution The world we live in today is a very fascinating and mysterious place. While many people are intrigued that there might be life on another planet, cyberspace is a whole other world on earth. The widespread impact and use of the Internet did not mesmerize the world until the early 1990s. The author, John Schwartz, examines some of the effects the Internet has had on a small town. Another author, Dale Spender, focuses on the effects of the Internet on the world as a whole. In spite of everything, the Internet is an innovative technology and the consequences that the Internet has on the world is unknown. Dale Spender is a feminist scholar, writer, teacher and consultant. In the article Social Policy for Cyberspace, she is mainly concerned with the digital divide. The digital divide classifies those who have Internet access and those who do not. Spender believes that before people worry about getting a personal computer in every household, we should worry about those who are just trying to survive everyday life. Spender says that she wants to resolve the use of technology to improve the quality of life. I dont want to see it (the internet) used or misused to enhance the lives of the few at the expense of the many (266). Throughout the article, Spender argues that access to information should be a divine human right. In the article The American Dream, and Email for All, John Schwartz examines all the positive effects of having a town completely wired. Blacksburg, Virginia may seem like your average small town community. However, this town is different because Bell Atlantic gave grants to the town to have 60% of the citizens connected online. This community is known as the Blacksburg Electronic Village or htt... ...is nation should not feel obligated to act as a charity organization to help modernize third world countries. As one can see, Dale Spender and John Schwartz both bring up good points about having Internet access. Spender focuses mainly on the digital divide. She wants people to worry about the status of third world countries before technology advances. John Schwartz focuses mainly on a small town being connected and all the positive effects that the Internet has had on the small town. I believe that the Internet is a wonderful tool that everyone can benefit from but we need to let this technology advance before we worry about third world countries. Works Cited Schwartz, John. The American Dream, and Email for All. Composing Cyberspace. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Spender, Dale. Social Policy for Cyberspace. Composing Cyberspace. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

On The Road Not Taken Essay -- Robert Frost Road Not Taken Poem

On "The Road Not Taken" Most people believe that "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost was written to inspire people to be different, and to not follow the majority. However, the poem was actually written to gently tease one of Frost's good friends, and fellow poet, Edward Thomas. Frost and Thomas would take walks in the woods together, and Thomas would take Frost down one path and later regret not choosing a different path. This would lead one to believe that Frost is actually ridiculing the action of regretting decisions. Considering this pert nit background information, the poem's meaning can be quite contrary to popular belief. It guides the reader from the idea that Frost wants you to differentiate yourself, to a concept of perseverance and self confidence. Upon further analysis of the poem, more irony is unveiled in both the title and the poem itself Initially "The Road Not Taken" is quite stereotypical and inspirational in manner. At first glance the poem radiates a feeling that it's alright to take the road less traveled, and that good fortune may follow from making seemingly unorthodox decisions. Frost illustrates an idea of individualism in the last two lines, "I took the one less traveled by/ and that has made all the difference" (19-20). In the last stanza of the poem, the speaker explains that many years later he will tell the story of how taking the road less traveled has changed his life. Viewed from an analytical standpoint many examples of subtle irony can be found. Frost's choice of words in the title is very peculiar. It seems as though Frost purposely chose the word "taken". If the poem was meant to be inspirational, "chosen" would be a better fit for the title. The word "chosen" would clar... ...the poem "The Road Not Taken", one would come across an idea that is quite different, but still in good faith. The poem has two sides; a noble side and a mischievous side. The noble side focuses on making decisions and following through with them, showing perseverance, and self confidence. On the other hand, the mischievous side is focused more on being different and creating a path through life in which one forges with self-righteous decisions. In teasing a good friend, Frost shows the importance of having faith in the decisions one makes, and realizing that it doesn't matter what path someone "takes" or "chooses", if they have a strong will and good faith anything can happen. Works Cited Lauter, Paul. The Heath Anthology of American Literature: Concise Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2004. Wikipedia. 2004. Wikipedia online. 24 Mar. 2007